Fisiopatologia da vitamina B12 e suas consequências neurológicas
Carregando...
Tipo de documento
TCC
Data de publicação
2025
Departamento
Escola Superior de Saúde Única
Curso
Farmácia
Local de publicação
Curitiba/Paraná
Modalidade de acesso
Acesso aberto
Autor(es)
Gelbcke, Ana Cristina Grossl
Orientador(es)
Sousa, Carolina Almeida de
Coorientador(es)
Membros da banca
Resumo
A vitamina B12, ou cobalamina, é essencial para o funcionamento adequado do
sistema nervoso, atuando na formação de neurotransmissores, manutenção da
mielina e produção de células sanguíneas. Sua deficiência, ainda subdiagnosticada
na prática clínica, pode desencadear manifestações neurológicas e psiquiátricas
relevantes, como depressão, alterações cognitivas e quadros demenciais, em especial
a doença de Alzheimer. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da
deficiência de vitamina B12 no sistema nervoso, com foco nos impactos
fisiopatológicos, sintomas neuropsiquiátricos e estratégias de prevenção e tratamento.
Através de revisão bibliográfica, foram investigados os mecanismos bioquímicos
associados à hipocobalaminemia, como o aumento da homocisteína, e sua relação
com a neurodegeneração. Evidências científicas revelam que baixos níveis de B12
podem interferir na resposta terapêutica de antidepressivos e favorecer a atrofia
cerebral em indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo. Além disso, diferentes
formas de reposição — oral, intramuscular, sublingual e dietética — foram analisadas
quanto à eficácia, segurança e aplicabilidade clínica. Os dados demonstram a
necessidade de maior vigilância diagnóstica e abordagem multidisciplinar, reforçando
a relevância da suplementação adequada como ferramenta preventiva e terapêutica
na saúde mental. Assim, o trabalho contribui para ampliar a consciência sobre os
impactos da deficiência de vitamina B12 e a importância de sua correção precoce para
a melhoria da qualidade de vida.
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, playing a role in the formation of neurotransmitters, maintenance of myelin, and production of blood cells. Its deficiency, still underdiagnosed in clinical practice, can trigger significant neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to analyze the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency on the nervous system, focusing on its pathophysiological impacts, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and prevention and treatment strategies. Through a literature review, the biochemical mechanisms associated with hypocobalaminemia, such as increased homocysteine, and its relationship with neurodegeneration, were investigated. Scientific evidence reveals that low B12 levels can interfere with the therapeutic response of antidepressants and promote brain atrophy in individuals with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, different forms of vitamin B12 supplementation—oral, intramuscular, sublingual, and dietary—were analyzed for their efficacy, safety, and clinical applicability. The data demonstrate the need for greater diagnostic surveillance and a multidisciplinary approach, reinforcing the importance of adequate supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic tool in mental health. Thus, the study contributes to raising awareness of the impacts of vitamin B12 deficiency and the importance of its early correction to improve quality of life.
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, playing a role in the formation of neurotransmitters, maintenance of myelin, and production of blood cells. Its deficiency, still underdiagnosed in clinical practice, can trigger significant neurological and psychiatric manifestations, such as depression, cognitive impairment, and dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease. This study aims to analyze the effects of vitamin B12 deficiency on the nervous system, focusing on its pathophysiological impacts, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and prevention and treatment strategies. Through a literature review, the biochemical mechanisms associated with hypocobalaminemia, such as increased homocysteine, and its relationship with neurodegeneration, were investigated. Scientific evidence reveals that low B12 levels can interfere with the therapeutic response of antidepressants and promote brain atrophy in individuals with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, different forms of vitamin B12 supplementation—oral, intramuscular, sublingual, and dietary—were analyzed for their efficacy, safety, and clinical applicability. The data demonstrate the need for greater diagnostic surveillance and a multidisciplinary approach, reinforcing the importance of adequate supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic tool in mental health. Thus, the study contributes to raising awareness of the impacts of vitamin B12 deficiency and the importance of its early correction to improve quality of life.
Palavras-chave
Vitamina B12, Cobalamina, Depressão, Alzheimer
